#error directive, the static_assert keyword, the assert macro. Overloaded operators, rules for operator overloading.Ĭ++ exception handling, structured exception handling (SEH), keywords used in writing exception handling statements. Also, the _super and _interface keywords.Ĭontrolling access to class members: public, private, and protected keywords. Single and multiple inheritance, virtual functions, multiple base classes, abstract classes, scope rules. User-defined types in which all members share the same memory location. Also, member functions, special member functions, data members, bit fields, this pointer, nested classes. Introduction to classes, structures, and unions. Types of expressions, semantics of expressions, reference topics on operators, casting and casting operators, run-time type information.Ī programming technique that implicitly defines a function object class and constructs a function object of that class type.Įxpression, null, compound, selection, iteration, jump, and declaration statements. ![]() Also, arithmetic conversions and conversions among pointer, reference, and pointer-to-member types.ĭeclaring and defining variables, types and functions. The fundamental types that are built into the C++ compiler and their value ranges. Scope, linkage, program startup and termination, storage classes, and types. Also, file translation, operator precedence/associativity. See the following tables to quickly find a keyword or operator:įundamental lexical elements of a C++ program: tokens, comments, operators, keywords, punctuators, literals. Microsoft-specific implementations of C++ language features are included.įor an overview of Modern C++ programming practices, see Welcome Back to C++. The organization is based on The Annotated C++ Reference Manual by Margaret Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup and on the ANSI/ISO C++ International Standard (ISO/IEC FDIS 14882). PaaS vs.This reference explains the C++ programming language as implemented in the Microsoft C++ compiler.
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